Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior (Psych/Soc) Practice Exam 2025 - Free MCAT Psych/Soc Practice Questions and Study Guide

Exchange Theory emphasizes the assessment of rewards and punishments in social interactions. This theory posits that individuals weigh the potential benefits and costs associated with their social interactions, striving to maximize rewards and minimize punishments. It views social relationships through a lens of economic principles, suggesting that the decisions people make about their relationships are based on the perceived value of the outcomes they can achieve.

In this framework, interactions are understood as transactions where each party evaluates what they can gain (rewards) against what they have to give up (costs). It highlights that social behavior is a result of an ongoing process of negotiation, where individuals consciously or unconsciously attempt to optimize their experiences in social settings.

For instance, in friendships, individuals may assess companionship, emotional support, and shared activities as rewards, while time and effort are considered costs. This balance shapes their choices about maintaining or altering those relationships. Understanding this dynamic is crucial for analyzing how people engage with one another in various social contexts, including workplace environments, family dynamics, and community interactions.